Questions I followed further.
I write about public questions that take time to understand. These essays explain what I found, where people disagree, and why I reached my conclusions. Sources are included so you can check for yourself.
19 research pieces · 222 parts · 24,06,527 words
- Religion · Science · EthicsAtheist vs Believer — Questions about religion, evidence and moral authorityFour complete books covering Islam, Christianity, Hindu traditions and selected other traditions. Read all 30 chapters of each volume in English or Hindi, or download each complete book.
- Religion · Philosophy · ScienceWhy I Don't Believe — God, Religion, and the EvidenceWhy I reject religious claims, how scientific evidence can be checked, and how to explain the arguments in plain English. A first-person investigation of gods, holy books, evolution, history, and the universe.
- Part 1 — I Don't Believe You Yet
- Part 2 — How Do We Know Anything?
- Part 3 — Why God Feels So Real
- Part 4 — Who Wrote the Holy Books?
- Part 5 — The Strongest Arguments for God
- Part 6 — How Old Is All This?
- Part 7 — What Evolution Actually Says
- Part 8 — The Evidence Is in Our Bodies
- Part 9 — The Evidence Is in the Ground and the Lab
- Part 10 — Then Why Are There Still Monkeys?
- Part 11 — Were We Really Born From Two People?
- Part 12 — How Did Life Begin?
- Part 13 — How We Know About the Big Bang
- Part 14 — Who Made the Universe?
- Part 15 — Was Everything Designed for Us?
- Part 16 — The Bible Meets History
- Part 17 — The Qur'an Meets History
- Part 18 — Hindu Stories Meet History
- Part 19 — Did Ancient Books Predict Modern Science?
- Part 20 — Miracles, Prayer, and Personal Experiences
- Part 21 — Can Prophecy Prove a Religion?
- Part 22 — Why Would a Good God Allow This?
- Part 23 — Can I Be Good Without God?
- Part 24 — The Brain, the Mind, and the Soul
- Part 25 — Death, Rebirth, Heaven, and Hell
- Part 26 — Religion, Power, and the Human Need for Meaning
- Part 27 — Answers for a Real Debate
- Part 28 — What Would Make Me Change My Mind?
- India · Economy · Public Policy · UPA and NDAIndia, Before and After 2014 — The Numbers, the Changes and the Final ComparisonWhat changed in India before and after 2014? Seven parts explain the numbers in plain English, check the original claims and compare the Congress-led UPA and BJP-led NDA records, including COVID and the other major shocks.
- Augustine · Philosophy · Close ReadingThe Confessions, Explained — All Thirteen Books, in Nine PartsEverybody has heard of the Confessions and almost nobody has finished it. So I read all thirteen books, slowly, and wrote down what Augustine is actually doing — in the plainest English I could manage, with none of the hard content cut out.
- Part 1 — The Restless Heart
- Part 2 — The Pears and the Manichees
- Part 3 — The Dead Friend and the Disappointing Bishop
- Part 4 — Milan, Ambrose, and Where Evil Comes From
- Part 5 — The Garden
- Part 6 — The Water, the Window and the Grave
- Part 7 — The Vast Palace of Memory
- Part 8 — What Is Time?
- Part 9 — The First Sentence of the Bible
- Punjab · Military History · IndiaThe Wars of Punjab — Every War Fought on the Soil of Punjab, From the BeginningEvery war fought on the land of five rivers, from the Rigveda to 1971 — who fought, why, how, and who actually won — told in plain English, one part at a time, with an honesty label on every single claim.
- Part 1 — The First Recorded War
- Part 2 — The Persians and Alexander
- Part 3 — Mauryas to Kushans
- Part 4 — The Guptas and the Huns
- Part 5 — The Arabs, the Shahis and Mahmud
- Part 6 — Ghurids, Prithviraj and the Mongols
- Part 7 — Tughlaqs, Timur and the Lodis
- Part 8 — Mughals, Suris and the Gurus
- Part 9 — The Gurus and the Mughals
- Part 10 — Banda Singh and the Hunted Years
- Part 11 — The Afghans and the Ghallugharas
- Part 12 — The Misls
- Part 13 — Ranjit Singh
- Part 14 — The Anglo-Sikh Wars
- Part 15 — The Loyal Province
- Part 16 — The Line
- Anthropology · History · Close ReadingSapiens — My Own Reading of SapiensEverybody quotes Sapiens and almost nobody argues with it. So I read all twenty chapters myself, slowly, with a pen in my hand, and wrote down what Harari actually claims — chapter by chapter, in the plainest English I could manage, flagging exactly where the evidence gets thin.
- Part 1 — The Animal Nobody Would Have Bet On
- Part 2 — The Tree of Knowledge
- Part 3 — The World We Were Built For, and What We Did To It
- Part 4 — History's Biggest Fraud
- Part 5 — The Story That Holds, and the Receipt That Started History
- Part 6 — The Ladder and the Arrow
- Part 7 — The Two Glues - Money and Empire
- Part 8 — The Third Glue, and Why the Winners Won
- Part 9 — The Blank Space on the Map
- Part 10 — The Pie That Grows, and the Fire That Turns the Wheel
- Part 11 — The Animal That Became a God
- Science · Evolution · Close ReadingOn the Origin of Species — My Own Reading of DarwinEverybody quotes Darwin and almost nobody has read him. So I read the 1859 first edition myself, slowly, with a pen in my hand, and wrote down what he actually says — chapter by chapter, in the plainest English I could manage.
- Money · Geopolitics · IndiaThe Architecture of Money — Money, Power and the DollarHow money was invented, how one country came to own the world’s accounting system, why every attempt to replace it has failed — and where India actually stands.
- Part 1 — What Money Actually Is
- Part 2 — How the World Organised Around One Currency
- Part 3 — Why America Won
- Part 4 — Why Everyone Else Failed
- Part 5 — Currencies, Exchange Rates and Prices
- Part 6 — The Debt Map of the World
- Part 7 — India
- Part 8 — Can the Monopoly Be Broken?
- Part 9 — Glossary, Timeline and Data
- India · Politics · AccountabilityThe Congress Record — What a Party Did With Seventy Years of PowerAn audit of what Congress governments did with power in India, from 1947 to the present day. Every charge carries a grade, every source is named, and the accusations that were invented are marked as invented.
- Part 1 — How to Judge a Government
- Part 2 — The Inheritance, 1947–1950
- Part 3 — The Constitution Amended, 1950–1959
- Part 4 — The Economic Model, 1950–1991
- Part 5 — The Map of Who Got What
- Part 6 — China, Tibet and 1962
- Part 7 — Pakistan, Kashmir and the Wars
- Part 8 — Indira Rising, 1966–1975
- Part 9 — The Emergency
- Part 10 — Punjab, 1978 to 1993
- Part 11 — November 1984
- Part 12 — Rajiv Gandhi, 1984–1989
- Part 13 — The Other India
- Part 14 — Reform and Demolition, 1991–1996
- Part 15 — UPA I, 2004–2009
- Part 16 — UPA II, 2009–2014
- Part 17 — What Was Said
- Part 18 — The Comparison, 2014–2026
- Part 19 — The Honest List
- Gender · Society · EvidenceThe Rules About Women — Every claim on both sides, held against the evidenceA photograph from a protest, and a rumour that discredited the woman in it. Underneath: why does a woman’s sexual history work as a universal solvent on her public standing, and does the old rulebook that makes that possible actually protect anyone? Sixteen parts test every claim on both sides against the record.
- Part 1 — The Question Underneath the Question
- Part 2 — Where the Rules Came From
- Part 3 — The Indian Machine
- Part 4 — The Bodies Themselves
- Part 5 — The Paradox of the Free Countries
- Part 6 — The Case for the Old Rules
- Part 7 — What Feminism Actually Claims
- Part 8 — The Ledger of the Equality Project
- Part 9 — The Arithmetic of Descendants
- Part 10 — What the Evidence Says Happens to a Woman
- Part 11 — The Half Nobody Studied
- Part 12 — The Community With No Edges
- Part 13 — When History Ran the Experiment
- Part 14 — What Would Actually Work
- Part 15 — The Case Against This Series
- Part 16 — What Survived
- Punjab · History · ArchaeologyThe Complete History of Punjab — Every Argument, Every Assumption, in Plain EnglishA narrative history of Punjab from the making of the land itself to the present — written so that anyone can follow it, with every dispute shown as a dispute and every assumption named rather than assumed.
- Part 1 — The Land Itself
- Part 2 — Harappa
- Part 3 — The Vedic Age and the Aryan Question
- Part 4 — Persians, Alexander, Mauryas
- Part 5 — Greeks, Kushans and the Face of the Buddha
- Part 6 — Sultans and Sufis
- Part 7 — Guru Nanak to Guru Arjan
- Part 8 — Guru Hargobind to Guru Gobind Singh
- Part 9 — Banda Singh Bahadur to the Misls
- Part 10 — Ranjit Singh and the Fall
- Part 11 — British Punjab
- Part 12 — Ghadar to Independence
- Part 13 — Partition and Indian Punjab
- Part 14 — Pakistani Punjab and the Diaspora
- Punjab · History · PoliticsPunjab: The Whole Truth — Five Thousand Years, One Honest LookFrom the first farmers to the Khalistan question — every disputed number shown with its range and its source, and every side given its strongest argument before it is answered.
- Part 1 — The Land Before the Name
- Part 2 — Porus to the Huns
- Part 3 — The Invasion Highway
- Part 4 — Gurus and the Khalsa
- Part 5 — The Sikh Empire
- Part 6 — Loyal and Rebel at Once
- Part 7 — The Cut
- Part 8 — Redrawing Punjab
- Part 9 — Bhindranwale: Full Autopsy
- Part 10 — The Dark Decade
- Part 11 — Khalistan: The Idea and the Network
- Part 12 — The Feasibility Audit
- Part 13 — The Reckoning
- India · Caste · Reservation · HistoryThe Reservation Files — A Complete, Honest HistoryIndia’s biggest argument, from the beginning: what reservation is, where caste came from, what the evidence shows — both sides at full strength.
- Part 1 — Ground Zero
- Part 2 — Before Caste
- Part 3 — How Varna Became Jati
- Part 4 — 1,000 Years of Outsiders
- Part 5 — The British Machine
- Part 6 — The Evidence File
- Part 7 — The Great Minds Argue
- Part 8 — The Constitution Room
- Part 9 — Mandal and Fire
- Part 10 — The Modern Rewrite
- Part 11 — The Data War
- Part 12 — The Two Cases, Steelmanned
- Part 13 — The Blind Spots
- Part 14 — The Verdict
- Gender · Society · IndiaPatriarchy & Feminism — And the Arguments Between ThemA fifteen-part deep dive into the argument about men and women — every position stated in its own words, every factual claim footnoted, and the value questions left to you.
- India · History · PartitionHow India Became Free — And Why It Was Cut in TwoEvery major claim about Independence, Partition and its leaders, tested against the documentary record and explained in plain English.
- Part 1 — Before the Storm
- Part 2 — Where the Two-Nation Idea Was Born
- Part 3 — Gandhi Arrives
- Part 4 — Castes, Constitutions and Cracks
- Part 5 — Bhagat Singh and Bose
- Part 6 — The War Years — Who Did What
- Part 7 — Did the War Give Us Freedom?
- Part 8 — How Partition Actually Happened
- Part 9 — What Each Leader Actually Believed
- Part 10 — Why Pakistan Became Muslim-Only and India Did Not
- Part 11 — Gandhi the Man — Every Personal Charge
- Part 12 — The Final Ledger
- India · Agriculture · PolicyKissan Andolan — The Complete StoryIndia’s farmers’ movement, 2020–2024 and beyond — every side of the story, told in the simplest words, after months of research.
- Part 1 — The Setup: Farming, Punjab, and Why Land Is Life
- Part 2 — The System: MSP, Mandi, Arhtiya & FCI, Made Simple
- Part 3 — The Three Laws: What the Government Actually Wrote
- Part 4 — The Government's Case: Why They Said the Laws Would Help
- Part 5 — The Farmers' Case: Why They Refused
- Part 6 — The Uprising: Dilli Chalo and Life at the Borders
- Part 7 — The Flashpoints: Republic Day, the Red Fort & Lakhimpur
- Part 8 — The Blame Wars: Khalistan, the Toolkit & the Battle of Narratives
- Part 9 — The Repeal: How the Laws Died
- Part 10 — Round Two: Shambhu, Khanauri & Dallewal (2024–25)
- Part 11 — The Hidden Layers: What Almost Nobody Talks About
- Part 12 — The Verdict: Who Won, What It Means, Where It Leaves Us
- Sikhi · History · IdentityDebunked — The Sikhism SeriesThe claims made about Sikhi, and the claims Sikhs make about themselves — each one traced to its source, tested against Gurbani and the historical record, and answered in plain language.
- Part 1 — Origin and Identity
- Part 2 — Miracles and Travels
- Part 3 — The Eight Silent Gurus
- Part 4 — Guru Gobind Singh Ji and the Khalsa
- Part 5 — The Guru Granth Sahib: Text, Meaning and Authority
- Part 6 — The Dasam Granth and the Books Around It
- Part 7 — Rehat, Worship and Everyday Practice
- Part 8 — Equality, Caste and Women
- Part 9 — War, Sovereignty and the Sikh States
- Part 10 — Empire, Reform and Partition
- Part 11 — 1984, Violence and Public Memory
- Part 12 — Science Claims, Health and the Digital World
- Part 13 — What Survives the Checking
- India · Science · EvidenceDebunked — Modern Myths Sold as Ancient Indian ScienceA grounded look at the claims flooding our feeds — vimanas, brahmastras, cow urine cures, ancient nuclear weapons — and how to test any one of them in sixty seconds, using six simple steps.
- Part 1 — Foundation
- Part 2 — Flying Machines and Ancient Tech
- Part 3 — Weapons and Physics
- Part 4 — Medical and Biological Miracles
- Part 5 — Astronomy and Cosmology
- Part 6 — Mathematics and Sanskrit
- Part 7 — History and Archaeology
- Part 8 — Cows, Plants, and Sacred Objects
- Part 9 — Spiritual Pseudoscience
- Part 10 — The World Stole From Us
- Part 11 — Conclusion and Glossary
- History · Religion · CivilisationThe Forgotten Gods — A Four-Part HistoryA grounded, plain-language look at what was lost when the old religions of forest, river and storm were replaced by a religion brought in from outside.